Revised Biography and Impact of Fa Xian on Asian Buddhist Culture

A Comprehensive Analysis of Faxian's Biography and Contributions to Asian Buddhist Culture

Abstract:

This study endeavors to provide updated insights into Faxian, an esteemed monk from the Jin Dynasty 266–421 CE, by surveying existing literature and reevaluating his birthplace. It reveals that he was actually born in Linfen City, Shanxi Province, instead of Xiangyuan County as previously documented. In his early years, Faxian chose to become a novice monk out of compassion for the poor. Driven by his commitment to seek and compile Buddhist scriptures, he embarked on an arduous pilgrimage to India from 399 to 412 CE.

During this perilous journey, which was fraught with challenges and hardships, Faxian's emotional intensity is exemplified through his outbursts of tears three times. Ultimately, his perseverance pd off as he successfully returned to China with a collection of Buddhist scriptures from India. Throughout the remnder of his life, together with Buddhabhadra, he dedicated himself to translating these scriptures into Chinese, thereby enriching and bolstering Chinese Buddhism, particularly in areas such as precepts sila-vinaya and Mahayana teachings.

It is evident that Faxian was a staunch adherent of Mahayana Buddhism. The insights contned within his Record of Buddhist Kingdoms offer significant historical data on the ancient kingdoms of Asia, making it an invaluable resource for scholars interested in Asian history and cultural heritage. Moreover, his story has significantly contributed to promoting tourism related to Buddhist culture across Asia.

As a pioneering figure from the 4th century who initiated a new era of westward pilgrimages to India, Faxian's journey was paralleled by those of later scholars like Xuanzang and Yijing in the 7th century. His legacy continues to foster stronger ties among Asian countries today, showcasing the enduring influence of his contributions.

The present study offers an updated narrative of Faxian's biography and highlights his invaluable contributions to the propagation and development of Buddhist culture across Asia.

Keywords: Faxian, Buddhism, Chinese history, Asian cultural exchange
is reproduced from: https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ach/article/view/52436/28063

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